Intellectual disability affects a person's ability to develop cognitive (reasoning) and adaptive skills (daily life skills). It can range from mild to profound. It's not a disease itself but occurs when something impairs brain development. Common causes include genetic disorders like Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome, pregnancy complications, environmental factors, birth problems, or childhood illnesses.

A diagnosis of intellectual disability is based on several factors. First, the result of a cognitive test shows that a person's ability to learn, think, solve problems, and understand the world (IQ) is below 70 - 75. Second, the individual has lower adaptive functioning in terms of concept, social, and practical skills. Third, the condition emerges before the age of 18.

Although there's no cure for intellectual disability, various treatments and services can help children reach their potential. Therapies such as speech, physical, occupational, and behavioral therapies are beneficial. They can boost development, education, interests, and personal well - being.

As children with intellectual disability approach adulthood, the situation depends on the severity of their disability. Early intervention is crucial. Parents and educators should work closely with professionals to create individualized plans. These plans might include specialized education programs tailored to the child's specific needs, providing a supportive environment at home and school, and promoting social interaction. By doing so, children with intellectual disability can make progress and lead more fulfilling lives.